Abstract
The study monitors two phenomena of graphomotor problems among children at the beginning and the end of primary education. The study has a character of piloting. A series of seven graphomotor tasks were submited to preschoolers (n = 51) and in the ninth grade (n = 22). For each task, tremor and number of hand move interruptions were considered as indicators of graphomotor difficulties. The results showed that the tremor was detected at 33.3% to 78.4% of preschoolers and at 18.2% to 59.1% of ninth grade pupils. In both groups, the tremor was the least prevalent in the ‘teeth’ task and the most frequent in the ‘double upper-lower loop’ task. The prevalence of tremor in the solution of graphomotor problems decreases with age, the difference is statistically insignificant. Contrary to the expectations, more interruptions were found at nineth grade pupils. Based on the study results, we recommend to note in the instruction that the templates are ‘straight lines’.
 Keywords: Graphomotor skills, graphomotor difficulties, tremor, number of interrupsions, preschool children, adolescents, pilot study.
 
Highlights
The transition from kindergarten to elementary school is an important period for developing the fine motor skills and graphomotor skills
A deficiency in any of the partial skills that determine the drawing / writing performance or the problematic maturation of brain structures that are responsible for the drawing / writing process can cause that the child might have difficulty drawing and writing, and as a result he or she begins to fail at school
Our study showed that the tremor in the line occurs at pre-schoolers in the range of 33.3–62.7%, at ninth grade pupils in the range of 18.2%–59.1%, depending on the template
Summary
The transition from kindergarten to elementary school is an important period for developing the fine motor skills and graphomotor skills. The development of graphomotorics involves a number of partial skills, which determine the resulting drawing / writing performance. In a group of N = 365 children (4–7 years old), she found out that most influential factor of graphic motor skills in the preschool period is age (results demonstrate a regular increase with the effect F (2, 346) = 48.143, p = 0.0000); but, ‘the analysis of the results reveals some particularities in the development of kinetic organisation of the movements which depend on the maturation tempo of pre motor area in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
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