Abstract
According to various sources, after 2014 there was a clear decline in GDP and the level of income in Ukraine, which, taking into account the interdependence between economic growth and the condition of the labor market, translated into significant difficulties in the structure of resources and the activity of the local workforce. The source of these difficulties turned out to be not only the price factor, but also non-price factors such as poor protection of employee rights, lack of social protection and social security, as well as payment gridlocks on the employer-employee line. This forced many Ukrainians to sometimes make dramatic decisions about economic emigration, mainly to European Union countries, including Poland. According to various estimates, there are currently 7 to 9 million Ukrainian citizens working abroad who contribute to the development of the economies of other countries. Meanwhile, the Ukrainian labor market is in a very difficult situation. Based on the analysis of official statistical data, an attempt was made to characterize the Ukrainian labor market, its main determinants were outlined and Ukrainians’ attitudes towards changes on the domestic labor market were determined. The research used critical literature analysis, statistical description methods, spatial analysis methods and case study method. Based on the conducted analyzes, it was shown that in the years 2010–2017 the Ukrainian labor market was struggling with a number of unfavorable phenomena, which was significantly aggravated by the political crisis at the turn of 2013 and 2014.
Highlights
The labor market is a complex system of social relations in the area of buying and selling a special type of commodity, which is work
It is worth noting that the work has an economic and technical dimension, and includes political, social, cultural issues at various spatial scales, e.g. local, regional, national, international (Campling et al, 2016; Markova et al, 2019). It seems that this type of relationship explains the current macroeconomic situation of Ukraine, including a significant part of the problems of the Ukrainian labor market, the main component of which, i.e. the workforce, has physical and psycho-social features, which can play a significant role especially in the volatile, unstable and unpredictable environment (Hollinshead, 2019; Moskalenko, Zaporozhets, 2018; Zappalà, Massei, 2011)
It is obvious that the key determinant of every market, including the labor market, will be the price factor related to the mechanism of buying and selling work as a specific form of commodity
Summary
The labor market is a complex system of social relations in the area of buying and selling a special type of commodity, which is work. It results from inefficiency and many mistakes in management, including in strategic management of enterprises, assuming, for example, that the price of the labor force is constant, and the waiting time for a more favorable demand-supply ratio may last for a long time This erroneous assumption combined with the weakness of national regulations regarding the minimum wage, tariff rates, hours of work, social protection and many other conditions caused a number of dysfunctions of the Ukrainian labor market, including the spread of the shadow economy, corruption and activities on the border of the law, and sometimes even beyond, for example in forest management and wood exports (Czaplińska, Kibych, 2019; Oliskevych, 2015). Employed persons (aged 15–70) by economic sectors in Ukraine in the years 2012–2017 [in thous.]
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