Abstract
The paper discusses issues related to the sectors of biofuels for transport. Development directions of those sectors and factors limiting the growth rate thereof are analysed. At present, researchers’ attention is increasingly focused on development of the alternative fuels sector. Moreover, issues related to waste used in the sector of alternative fuels are now among the leading undertakings of environmental engineering. The authors have analysed the potential of biofuels sectors in Poland taking into account the EU’s legislative requirements. The paper contains a discussion of the sector of esters, liquid biofuels, sector of lignocellulose, sector of liquid bio-hydrocarbons and, additionally, pays attention to the sector of electromobility as one of the most attractive and prospective sectors in terms of emission reduction.
Highlights
Davide PapurelloNegative environmental effects of using petroleum-based fuels in transport have resulted in an increased focus on development of alternative fuels and their growing use in transport related purposes [1,2,3]
Whereas methyl esters and bioethanol were for a long time the most efficient method enabling fulfilment of such obligations in Poland, nowadays—due to numerous limitations, including technical barriers—the use of other biocomponents and renewable fuels is necessary
Annual capacity of installations at the main three factories is 550 mL, which accounts for app. 58% of the capacity of all producers of this biocomponent, whereas annual capacity of the installations for production of methyl esters belonging to the main three producers is equal to 1015.65 mL, which accounts for over 66%
Summary
Negative environmental effects of using petroleum-based fuels in transport have resulted in an increased focus on development of alternative fuels and their growing use in transport related purposes [1,2,3]. Alternative fuels include electromobility, hydrogen, biofuels (including bioethanol, bioesters, biogas, biohydrogen, synthetic biofuels), natural gas (including biomethane) in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Biomethane obtained from purified biogas may be a transport fuel as well. Whereas methyl esters and bioethanol were for a long time the most efficient method enabling fulfilment of such obligations in Poland, nowadays—due to numerous limitations, including technical barriers (so-called blending wall)—the use of other biocomponents and renewable fuels is necessary.
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