Problems of phytoimmunity of grain crops in the Euro-Northeast of the Russian Federation and ways their solution

Tatyana Sheshegova,Lucia Shchekleina,E Renev,R Changzhong,Y Shavrokov,G Batalova,V Romanyuk

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20213601011

Abstract

Breeding of grain crops for phytoimmunity in the FSBSU FASC of the Northeast is carried out in the conditions of natural and artificial epiphytotics. Every year, more than 1000 samples of winter rye, spring soft wheat, barley and oats of their own breeding and from the VIR collection are studied. In winter rye, studies are conducted on snow mold, root rot, powdery mildew, brown and stem rust, septoria blight, fusarium head blight, and ergot; in spring wheat – on root rot, septoria blight, fusarium head blight, powdery mildew, brown rust, loose smut; in barley – on root rot, net, dark brown blotch and stripe disease, loose smut; in oats - on red-brown blotch, root rot, crown rust, panicle fusarium and loose smut. Resistant samples detected on infectious backgrounds will be included in the breeding process as sources of the trait. With the participation of source genes, new varieties of winter rye were created, Snezhana, Grefinya, and others, which are being studied at different breeding stages. Long-term studies (2014-2020) on infectious and provocative backgrounds among the breeding material of the FASC of the Northeast and collection samples of spring soft wheat, oats, barley revealed sources of nonspecific resistance (6-9 points). They are used in crossbreeding programs with the best varieties to obtain high-yielding and resistant to biotic stressors hybrids that are being studied at different breeding stages.

Highlights

Improving the efficiency of agricultural production at the present stage is impossible without solving the problems of plant protection from diseases
It was found that fusarium fungi with a predominance of F. culmorum(W.G.Sm.)
F. oxysporum Schlecht, F. sporotrichioides Sherb dominate among the pathogens of root rot in winter rye, oats and spring soft wheat

Summary

Introduction

Improving the efficiency of agricultural production at the present stage is impossible without solving the problems of plant protection from diseases. The specificity of the agro-climatic conditions of the region lies in the relatively weak biological activity and low soil fertility: humus - 2.0-2.3 %, mobile phosphorus - on average 119 mg/kg, exchange potassium - 121 mg/kg, pH of the soil medium - mainly 5.0 units All these factors reduce the adaptive properties of agricultural plants and their resistance to a complex of unfavorable abiotic factors, contribute to the increased development and harmfulness of pathogens of fungal and bacterial diseases. An economically significant danger on winter rye is represented by: snow mold and root rot, which manifest themselves annually to one degree or another; local development of sclerotinia with a very high (up to 70 %) harmfulness; powdery mildew, types of rust, septoria and fusarium head blight [3. Considering regional phytosanitary problems, the main tasks are the following: regional monitoring of the phytosanitary state of agricultural crops; study of the specific and intraspecific structure of local populations of pathogens to substantiate the composition of artificial infectious backgrounds; development and improvement of plant inoculation methods for an objective assessment of crop gene pools; identification and creation of sources and donors of resistance for breeding; development of technology for breeding varieties with different types and mechanisms of resistance to diseases

Material and methods

Results and discussion

Conclusion