Abstract
Hazardous waste is a trigger of the environmental crisis, especially at the stage of increasing production and consumption of goods, leading to a significant increase in industrial waste and its movement across customs borders. The cross-border movement of hazardous waste is controlled by the state, customs authorities are entrusted with the tasks of protecting national security, human life and health, animal and plant life, the environment, including protection against the illegal import of hazardous waste. The transboundary movement of hazardous wastes is carried out within the framework of the permissive procedure. Such a unified licensing procedure has also been adopted in the EAEU with respect to the import into the customs territory, transit, export from the customs territory of dangerous wastes. This procedure assumes that the declarant submits to an official of the authorized body a license of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation or a permit for the transboundary movement of hazardous waste of the Federal Service for Supervision of Environmental Management. However, despite the efforts of the international community in the fight against hazardous waste, the dynamics of illegal movement of certain types of waste continues to grow, which indicates the existence of a number of unresolved problems. In the course of the study, the conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of hazardous waste is analyzed, the main provisions of the procedure for moving this category of goods across the customs border of the EAEU are considered. The basis for national legislation in terms of the conceptual apparatus and regulation of the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes through the customs territory of the EAEU is the norms of international law, while a comparative analysis confirms the ambiguity of their recognition and classification in the EAEU member states. The analysis of the dynamics of the movement of hazardous waste, including used pneumatic tires and tires, showed that every year the problems of environmental protection become more acute. As a result of the study, specific problems in the field of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes were identified and recommendations for their solution were given.
Highlights
В данном исследовании рассмотрим проблемы значительного увеличения промышленных отходов, что требует повышения эффективности применения инструментов защиты окружающей среды для решения проблем загрязнения окружающей среды отходами производства и потребления (Жукова и др., 2020)
Production and consumption waste – substan ces or objects that are formed in the process of production, performance of works, provision of services or in the process of consumption, which are disposed of, are intended for dispos al or are subject to disposal in accordance with Federal Law
Анализ основных тенденций развит я системы обращения с отходами в России : проблемы и перспективы // Экология и промышленность России. 2020
Summary
В рамках Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС) требования по трансграничному перемещению опасных отходов регламентированы Решением Коллегии Евразийской экономической комиссии от 21.04.2015 г. Однако данный документ не содержит дефиниции к термину «опасные отходы», имеется лишь отсылочная норма к применению Базельской конвенции (далее – Конвенция) о контроле за трансграничной перевозкой опасных отходов и их удалением, подписанной в г. Что контролирующие функции за трансграничным перемещением опасных отходов возложены на таможенные органы государств – членов ЕАЭС. Страны – участники Конвенции, в том числе государства – члены ЕАЭС, вправе закреплять в национальном законодательстве характеристики и категории опасных отходов. Основой для национального законодательства в части регулирования трансграничного перемещения опасных отходов по таможенной территории ЕАЭС служат нормы международного права. Но законодательные и правовые акты государств – членов ЕАЭС содержат недостаточно гармонизированные определения к термину «опасные отходы» и к классам опасности, что негативно влияет на деятельность таможенных органов при таможенном контроле опасных грузов (Афонин и др., 2019)
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