Problems in ensuring effective parasitological control on the territory of the Russian Federation

Abstract

Introduction. Modern parasitology is an area of interdisciplinary research that uses the methods and approaches of various biological disciplines, such as genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, ecology, biology, medicine, veterinary medicine, climatology, using methods of landscape-geographical mapping, mathematical modeling to assess the parasitological situation and predict its dynamics. New problems associated with the parasitic aspects of global climate change, the introduction of new host species and parasites (pathogens), and anthropogenic transformation of natural ecosystems become topical. In this regard, the primary tasks for optimizing the socio-hygienic monitoring of the parasitic safety of the environment is the introduction of new methodological approaches for ranking territories - the risk according to the species composition and intensity of circulation of pathogens of parasitic diseases, the trend in changes in their range of pathogens and epidemiological properties in anthropogenically determined conditions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the methodology for choosing a territory for optimizing social and hygienic monitoring and substantiating proposals for the unification of hygienic standards for parasitological indicators of environmental safety. Materials and methods. Experimental parasitological monitoring was carried out at the pilot site. 712 samples were studied using unified methods of parasitological research of biomaterial (MUK 4.2.3145-13 “Laboratory diagnostics of helminthiases and protozooses”) and environmental objects (MUK 4.2.2661-10 “Methods of sanitary and parasitological research”). Results. Data were obtained on the high intensity of the circulation of pathogens of parasitic diseases in the environment - 25%. More than 15 types of pathogens of parasitic diseases have been systematized. Limitations. The limitations of the study were associated with the lack of development of diagnostic tools for the genetic identification of parasitic pathogens within the same systematic group by PCR analysis. Conclusion. Methodological disagreements in various normative documents to the composition of the “target indicators” of research are determined. The practical part of the work included the collection of material from people and animals, from environmental objects. A new approach to the hygienic standardization of parasitological indicators based on group systematization of the propagative stages of development of parasites with subsequent methodological determination of their taxonomic affiliation is substantiated.