Abstract

Most studies and research have tried to shed light on unemployment and employment in general, with less focus on the problems facing working women and the resulting social and economic consequences that threaten their human and professional lives. For women, working is one of the basic necessities for the sustainability of human life, and it constitutes an essential axis for both sexes and through it. It also gives a person the status and social status where the individual finds a ready opportunity to practice his intentions and desires, test his abilities and talents, and achieve his ambitions. The availability of full employment in general and the joining of women to the labor market is an important and fundamental factor in the sustainability of development. However, this contribution faces a series of obstacles due to the cultural environment and the social determinants that women face in Iraqi society, especially in the field of work in the informal sector, where society imposes strict restrictions on the quality and place of work.....

Highlights

  • ‫رج‪ ٖٓ ٖ٤‬اُغلٍٝ أػلاٙ إٔ ػلك اُن‪ ٖ٣‬أعبثٞا ث٘ؼْ ثِؾ )‪ٝ )37‬ثَ٘جخ ٓئٞ‪٣‬خ ثِـذ ‪ ،%74‬آب اُن‪ ٖ٣‬أعبثٞا ثٌلا ثِؾ ػلكْٛ )‪)13‬‬ ‫ٝثَ٘جخ ٓئٞ‪٣‬خ ثِـذ ‪ %16‬ؽ‪٤‬ش رج‪ ٖٓ ٖ٤‬اُغلٍٝ أػلاٙ إٔ ػَٔ أُوأح ‪٣‬غؼِٜب اًضو هلهح ػِ‪ ٠‬روث‪٤‬خ ع‪ٕ َ٤‬بُؼ.‬

  • ‫ؽ‪٤‬ش رج‪ ٖٓ ٖ٤‬اُغلٍٝ أػلاٙ إٔ ػَٔ أُوأح ك‪ ٢‬اُٞظ‪٤‬لخ ‪٣‬ؼيى ٖٓ ٌٓبٗزٜب الاعزٔبػ‪٤‬خ.‬ ‫‪11‬ـ اعزمبد انًجحىصٍُ اٌ اعزًشاس انًشأح فٍ انعًم انىظُفٍ ًَكُهب يٍ انزعبوٌ يع انشعم فٍ ثُبء الأعشح؟‬ ‫عذول )‪َ )26‬جٍُ آساء انًجحىصٍُ يب إرا كبٌ اعزًشاس انًشأح فٍ انعًم انىظُفٍ ًَكُهب يٍ انزعبوٌ يع انشعم فٍ ثُبء الاعشح‬

  • ‫رج‪ ٖٓ ٖ٤‬اُغلٍٝ )‪ )15‬إٔ ػلك اُن‪ ٖ٣‬اعبثٞا ث٘ؼْ ثِؾ )‪ٝ )15‬ثَ٘جخ ٓئٞ‪٣‬خ ثِـذ ‪ ،%35‬أٓب اُن‪ ٖ٣‬أعبثٞا ثٌلا كول ثِؾ ػلكْٛ‬ ‫)‪ٝ )35‬ثَ٘جخ ٓئٞ‪٣‬خ ثِـذ ‪ .%75‬ؽ‪٤‬ش رج‪ ٖٓ ٖ٤‬اُغلٍٝ أػلاٙ إٔ أًضو ٖٓ صِض‪ ٢‬أُجؾٞص‪ ٖ٤‬لا ‪٣‬وٕٝ إٔ ػَٔ أُوأح ‪ٌَْ٣‬‬

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Summary

Introduction

‫رج‪ ٖٓ ٖ٤‬اُغلٍٝ أػلاٙ إٔ ػلك اُن‪ ٖ٣‬اعبثٞا ث٘ؼْ هل ثِؾ )‪ٝ )47‬ثَ٘جخ ٓئٞ‪٣‬خ ثِـذ ‪ ،%84‬أٓب اُن‪ ٖ٣‬اعبثٞا ثٌلا ٝثِؾ ػلكْٛ )‪)3‬‬ ‫ٝثَ٘جخ ٓئٞ‪٣‬خ ثِـذ ‪ .%6‬ؽ‪٤‬ش رج‪ ٖٓ ٖ٤‬اُغلٍٝ أػلاٙ إٔ اُؾبعخ أُبك‪٣‬خ رلكغ أُوأح اُ‪ ٠‬اُؼَٔ ك‪ ٢‬أُٞلاد.‬ ‫رج‪ ٖٓ ٖ٤‬اُغلٍٝ أػلاٙ إٔ اُن‪ ٖ٣‬أعبثٞا ث٘ؼْ ثِؾ ػلكْٛ )‪ٝ )35‬ثَ٘جخ ٓئٞ‪٣‬خ ثِـذ ‪ ،%75‬آب اُن‪ ٖ٣‬اعبثٞا ثٌلا ٝثِؾ ػلكْٛ‬ ‫)‪ٝ )15‬ثَ٘جخ ٓئٞ‪٣‬خ ثِـذ ‪ .%35‬ؽ‪٤‬ش رج‪ ٖٓ ٖ٤‬اُغلٍٝ أػلاٙ إٔ ؿبُج‪٤‬خ أُٞاٛ٘‪٣ ٖ٤‬ئ‪٣‬لٕٝ ػَٔ أُوأح ك‪ٝ ٢‬هز٘ب اُؾبُ‪ٝ .٢‬ػ٘ل‬ ‫رٞع‪ٍ ٚ٤‬ئاٍ )ٓب اما رٞاعٚ أُوأح اُؼبِٓخ رؾوُ ٖٓ هجَ اُوعبٍ ك‪ ٢‬أص٘بء اُؼَٔ‪ ،)‬رج‪ ٖٓ ٖ٤‬اُغلٍٝ )‪ )15‬إٔ ػلك اُن‪ ٖ٣‬أعبثٞا‬ ‫ث٘ؼْ ثِؾ )‪ٝ )41‬ثَ٘جخ ٓئٞ‪٣‬خ ثِـذ ‪ ،%91‬أٓب اُن‪ ٖ٣‬أعبثٞا ثٌلا ٝثِؾ ػلكْٛ )‪ٝ )8‬ثَ٘جخ ٓئٞ‪٣‬خ ‪ .%19‬ؽ‪٤‬ش رج‪ ٖٓ ٖ٤‬اُغلٍٝ‬ ‫أُنًٞه إٔ ٖٓ أْٛ أٌُْلاد اُز‪ ٢‬رٞاعٚ أُوأح اُؼبِٓخ ك‪ٍٞ ٢‬م اُؼَٔ ٛٞ رؼوٜٙب اُ‪ ٠‬اُزؾوُ ٖٓ هجَ اُوعبٍ ك‪ٌٓ ٢‬بٕ‬

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