Abstract
Religious pluralism as an effort to bridge harmony among adherents of religions initiates both theological and philosophical problems. For example, religious pluralism is not only seen as a further effort to build interreligious relationships but also it is built on Truth Relativism. The religious pluralism concept also encourages Marianne Moyaert to investigate religious pluralism more deeply, especially referring to the concept of 'Global Theology' which is conceptualized by John Hick. This paper analyzed a number of theologians' annoyance with Global Theology such as: Hick as a 'Problematic Theologian', demythologizing of Jesus, and most importantly, the blurred relationship between Theology and Philosophy. Following Marianne's Argument, it was believed that the relationship among religions should be built on clear boundaries between Theology and Philosophy, where the boundaries were destroyed by Global Theology. Instead of fading the boundaries between the two, the relationship among religions should be carried out based on a religious understanding based on commitment.
Highlights
Religious pluralism as an effort to bridge harmony among adherents of religions initiates both theological and philosophical problems
Toleransi, sebagaimana didefinisikan oleh Seligman, adalah, “... living with, abiding -or in the medieval usagesuffering – the presence of what which we find objectionable.”(Seligman et al, 2015: 39) Toleransi, artinya adalah posisi atau sikap ‘bertahan’ akan perbedaan identitas yang hadir di sekeliling kita
Religious pluralism is the interaction of religious actors with one another and with the society and the state around concrete cultural, social, economic, and political agendas
Summary
Salah sebuah isu yang cukup sulit untuk didefinisikan di awal adalah Pluralisme Agama. Pluralism must take its stand on a grand negative: there is not the certainty in any particular religion to enable its world-view to be the basis of a viable interpretation of religion.” (Byrne, 1995: 6) John Bowden, juga mengafirmasi pendapat yang selaras: “Those who adopt this standpoint (religious pluralism) emphasize in particular that it is essentially a relative one: there is relativity in all things, in science and in history and cultural values, including religion This all-pervasive relativism lies at the heart of the real problem of religious pluralism as posed today, and it is a very perplexing and serious one.”(Boase, 2005: 13-14) Pluralisme Agama jadinya menolak ‘absolutisme’ yang merupakan kekhasan dari tradisi keagamaan. Ditinjau dari sejumlah kontroversi dan konfontrasi ilmiah ini, semakin menguatlah pandangan akan bahwa Global Theology yang diformulasikan John Hick sangat patut diperhitungkan sebagai fondasi diskusi Pluralisme Agama di Indonesia (Armayanto, 2014; Busyro, Ananda, & Adlan, 2019; Fata, 2018). Diskusi yang akan dipaparkan dalam paper ini urgen dalam menjabarkan pola problematis yang hadir dalam konsepsi Pluralisme Agama John Hick, yaitu Global Theology terutama terkait ‘dinding identitas’ antara pemikiran teologis dan filsafat yang seringkali tumpang tindih dalam diskursusnya sehingga melahirkan keambiguan dalam Analisa fenomena Pluralisme Agama berdasarkan Kritik Marianne Moyaert
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