Abstract

ABSTRACT This research aimed to examine the trajectory patterns of depression among South Korean adolescents and the individual and social predictors of these trajectories. For this purpose, a growth mixture model was used, employing 4 years of longitudinal data from 2,607 adolescents (50.4% female, M age ranged from 10 to 13 years, SD = .096–.097). The analysis revealed three subtypes: moderate-maintained depression, high-decreasing depression, and low-increasing depression. Problematic smartphone use emerged as a critical factor influencing the depression trajectories, which has not been extensively explored in previous research. Depression was linked to being female, low self-esteem, parental rejection and inconsistency, and low peer support.

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