Abstract
AbstractThis chapter summarizes the experience of practical application of flame-retardant intumescent compositions, including for the hydrocarbon combustion mode; identifies problematic aspects of the manufacturing technology and application of these materials; suggests methods and instruments for the operational diagnostics of the state of a fire-retardant coating and prediction of its fire-retardant efficiency. The data on the contribution of the technology of the fire-retardant coating and the features of its operation to the fire-retardant efficiency are presented. It is shown that nowadays instrumental diagnostics of fire-retardant coatings at the facilities is normatively provided only for wooden structures; the screening technique and the corresponding small-sized device are quite widespread in Russia. In relation to other materials (metal, reinforced concrete structures and cable products), the diagnostics of fire-retardant coatings are limited only by monitoring the overall thickness and integrity of the coating. These parameters are not enough to obtain even a rough estimate of the state of fire protection of structures. It is shown that it is advisable to supplement the system for diagnosing the quality of fire-retardant treatment of building structures with fire-retardant intumescent compositions by screening instrumental methods implemented at construction sites. The necessity of controlling the thickness of each individual coating in the coating system is substantiated, evaluating the intumescent properties of the coating using the express method for determining the intumescent coefficient and evaluating the adhesion characteristics of the coating by normal peeling using portable adhesimeters. A methodology developed by the authors for assessing the pore space of the charred layer with the aim of predicting the fire-retardant performance of intumescent coatings during full-scale fire tests is presented. The regularities between the size, pore distribution and weight loss are established according to thermogravimetric analysis.KeywordsBuilding constructionFiresFlame retardantsFire-retardant coatingIntumescent coatingsIntumescent layerCharCharred layerIntumescent paintsQuality assessmentAdhesionDiagnostics of the state of a fire-retardant coating
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