Abstract
Background: Internet use is significant public health issue and can be a risk factor for other addictive behaviors, such as smoking. The present study examined the association between problematic Internet use (PIU) (i.e., Internet addiction (IA) and social networking addiction (SNA)) and smoking, and the mediating role of depressive symptomatology and family support played in such associations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5182 junior secondary students (grade 7 and 8) recruited from nine schools using stratified sampling. Results: A total of 3.6% of students had smoked in the past month, and 6.4% of students were identified as IA cases. Adjusted for significant background variables, PIU (ORa = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.48, 2.90 for IA, ORa = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.47 for SNA), and probable depression (ORa = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.69) were significant risk factors, while family support (ORa = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77, 0.94) was a significant protective factor of smoking. The mediation effects of lower family support and probable depression on the association between score on IA scale and smoking, and the mediation effect of lower family support on the association between score on SNA scale and smoking were significant, while the mediation effect of probable depression on the association between score on SNA scale and smoking was marginally significant. Conclusions: PIU contributed to an increased risk of smoking through depressive symptomatology and decreasing family support among junior school students. Interventions to reduce smoking are warranted; they should seek to reduce problematic Internet use and depressive symptomatology, and promote family support.
Highlights
Smoking is considered as one of the leading preventable causes of death in the world [1] and is largely initiated and established during adolescence [2]
The present study examined the prevalence of smoking, and the association between problematic Internet use (PIU) and smoking among adolescents in China
Most of the participants (92.2%) were social networking users, and 6.4% and 40.5% of the participants scored above the cut-off for Internet addiction (IA) and probable depression respectively
Summary
Smoking is considered as one of the leading preventable causes of death in the world [1] and is largely initiated and established during adolescence [2]. One study among vocational high school students found that 45% had initiated smoking and 25% smoked in the past month [4]. Another study among junior high school students has shown that 5.6% have ever smoked. The present study examined the association between problematic Internet use (PIU) (i.e., Internet addiction (IA) and social networking addiction (SNA)). Conclusions: PIU contributed to an increased risk of smoking through depressive symptomatology and decreasing family support among junior school students. Participants were asked about their gender, grade, and parental educational attainment They were asked whether they were social networking users, and to rate their own academic pressure and perceived academic performance.
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