Problematic Integration Theory

Abstract

Problematic integration theory illuminates the communicative construction of several common, important, and interrelated forms of troublesome meaning (i.e., problematic integration), including uncertainty, ambivalence, discrepant (or“diverging”) beliefs and desires, and impossibility. Communication is both a source of and resource for coping with these challenging meanings. In contrast to other perspectives, problematic integration theory transcends dualistic conceptions of coping (e.g., uncertainty and information management through information seeking and avoidance) and narrow conceptions of communication outcomes (i.e., reducing, maintaining, or increasing uncertainty). The theory (a) teases out many important distinctions in forms of uncertainty, (b) recognizes other forms of problematic integration and their dynamic relationship, and (c) emphasizes the importance of adapting talk to particular forms of problematic meaning. Understanding these phenomena and their relationships enhances communicator sophistication, broadens options for constructing and reconstructing meanings, and promotes empathy and compassion. Written by Austin S. Babrow and Kai Kuang, Chapter 5, entitled“Problematic Integration Theory: Uncertainty and Related Communication Challenges,” describes the intellectual tradition, main goals, and features of problematic integration theory, surveys empirical support for its claims, and evaluates its strengths and limitations.