Problem solving: Using various dynamic model presentations

Abstract

The study deals with the effects of various conditions of problem presentation on solving complex problems, which are characterized by the use of dynamic models. In the framework of knowledge psychology external problem representations (“presentations”) are related to knowledge representations of a problem solver. In the paper, categories for the systematic description of semantic and formal aspects of presentations are introduced and discussed, and their implications for problem-solving demands and the formulation of hypotheses considered. An experiment is described where 36 novices had to solve complex problems in the field of pharmacokinetics. The presentation extent and presentation form of the model structure were varied (two levels each), and the effects on problem-solving behavior observed. A “high presentation extent” resulted in better problem-solving performance and more frequent retrieval of model-related presentations. No significant differences in problem-solving behavior were found when the presentation form was a model diagram emphasizing structural or process aspects, respectively. Finally, comparisons within groups were made and connections between performance on the complex problems and a paper-and-pencil test examined.