Problem solving as a function of race and incarceration.

Abstract

Summary The study employed a 2 (race = black, white) × 2 (environment = incarcerated, nonincarcerated) quasi-experimental design to test Ss' interpersonal problem-solving abilities and field-dependence/independence. One hundred males completed the Means-End Problem Solving Procedure, Problem Solving Inventory, and Embedded Figures Test. Analysis of covariance with age, intelligence, and socioeconomic status as covariants showed that environment made little difference in Ss' problem-solving ability or in perceptions of problem-solving strategies. Blacks generated fewer total alternative means to interpersonal problems, primarily because of the greater quantity of irrelevant means generated by White Ss. There were no significant racial differences on relevant means, indicating no difference in the quantity of high quality means generated. Blacks perceived themselves as using a more systematic approach to solving problems, while Whites perceived themselves as less impulsive. Blacks were found to be more fiel...