Abstract
The purpose of this work is to show the importance of the testicular artery and the deleterious effects of its injury from a literature review. There were 75 papers relating the testicular vascularization during the period from 1949 to 2017, coming from base electronic data. The corresponding articles concerned retrospective and prospective studies, review articles published in journals with editorial board, reading and science committee. These articles were written in French and English. The results show the success rate of the Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy was varied. The testicular artery maintains testicular thermoregulation, has an endocrine and nutrition roles, besides it was the artery of fertility. The intratesticular anastomoses weren’t seen between the testicular, cremasteric and differential arteries to rats, human and other mammalians. The testicular artery is the only artery that irrigates the testicular parenchyma. However, studies have observed extratesticular communications between the testicular, deferential and cremasteric arteries. In conclusion, the testicular artery is the main artery providing blood supply to the testicle. This artery plays an important role from a physiological point of view. Its lesions have important consequences on the functional and structural future of the testicle. This invites the strict respect of this artery during surgery spermatic cord or its environment.
Highlights
Cryptorchidism is defined as stopping the migration of the testis at any point from its normal path between the lumbar region where he form and scrotum where it should be at birth through the inguinal canal [7, 9, 18]
Studies were indexed injury to the testicular artery to be responsible for a reduction of arterial flow to the testicle and its necrosis, of testicular atrophy and infertility
The results of our study provided elements of discussion to the problematic of the treatment of abdominal cryptorchidism through the topographic and three-dimensional characteristics of the intragonadic branch of the testicular artery
Summary
Cryptorchidism is defined as stopping the migration of the testis at any point from its normal path between the lumbar region where he form and scrotum where it should be at birth through the inguinal canal [7, 9, 18]. Several causes may be at origin of cryptorchidism. The mechanical barriers to migration are linked to flight inguinal canal, spermatic vessels too short, fibrous obstruction scrotal hole [18]. Another cause may be of central origin, due to a lack of gonadotropin secretion from the pituitary and genetic factors [7]. Additional tests are carried out by dosing of testosterone and abdominal exploration ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [7]
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