Abstract
Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are functional components able to exert positive effects on human health. Numerous medical conditions lack effective and safe approaches for prevention or treatment, thus usage of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics is an alternative. Further, the benefit related to the consumption of these compounds is associated with lower morbidity of chronic diseases and reduced health-care costs. Various types of mediums to deliver probiotics/synbiotics to the human GIT are used. Although capsules and tablets are frequently applied as delivery systems for probiotics, the major challenge of the commercial sector is to market new functional foods containing probiotics and/or prebiotics. Discovering of new probiotic/synbiotic functional foods is connected to the interest of the food industry to revitalize continuously through introduction of products with improved nutritional value and pleasant taste, but also with health benefit for the consumers. The review provides insights and new perspectives in respect to usage of functional components and foods in prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that are highly correlated with the modern lifestyle. The therapeutic and safety properties of probiotics and prebiotics, their role in pathogenesis of IBD, potential to prevent and treat these diseases as well as postulated mechanisms of action will be discussed, highlighting the main areas in which further research is an emergence.
Highlights
The primary role of human diet is to provide sufficient nutrients that supply energy to maintain physiologic processes and well-being
Genetic predisposition with a loss of antigen tolerance is characterized by alteration in the pattern of cytokine production by T cell subclasses leading to overlay aggressive T cell responses to a subset of commensal enteric bacteria and misbalance between beneficial and pathogenic enteric bacteria (Kaser and Blumberg, 2011; Adolph et al, 2013). This aggressive T cell response followed by immune activation, mucosal damage and permanent inflammation that usually develops in genetically susceptible individuals is considered the main factors involved in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) etiology together with the environmental factors
Evaluation of functional properties of the samples prepared in our investigations have shown relatively high level of viable cells indicating the probiotic L. casei 01 is therapeutically active during shelf-life of the product and able to produce lactic, acetic and propionic acids, positively associated with health
Summary
The primary role of human diet is to provide sufficient nutrients that supply energy to maintain physiologic processes and well-being At this level all foods are functional and the intake of some bioactive ingredients like unsaturated fatty acids, fibers, vitamins and essential minerals is enabled by common diet. It is well known that the modern lifestyle, increased use of drug and drug toxicity and risks of adverse effects initiate the development of functional foods and pharmaceuticals as safe approach to improve the health. This leads to evolution of new era in healthcare system with the food industry gaining the research role similar as pharmaceutical industry. Development of new therapeutics, including probiotics and prebiotics, which can reduce intestinal inflammation and restore balance of the gastrointestinal microbiota
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