Probiotics in the prophylaxis and treatment of human diseases

Abstract

In recent years, the problem of intestinal dysbiosis has gone beyond the gastroenterological problem, becoming relevant for all branches of medicine. A great number of investigations have been conducted aimed on the study of intestinal micro-biocenosis in healthy persons and patients with various pathologies. It has been proved that quantitative and qualitative changes in the intestinal microbiota accompany many pathological conditions. Calculations showed that more than 100 trillion microbial cells live in different parts of the human body, which significantly exceeds the number of human cells. More than 90 % of human DNAs origin from microbiota, and only 10 % of DNAs belong to Homo sapienіs. The intestinal microbiota promotes the normal function of intestinal barrier on account of the strengthening the intercellular connections, increasing the mucin synthesis, enhancing the processes of epithelium regeneration. The intestinal microbiome changes cause the leaky gut syndrome, characterized by arrival of macromolecules through the intracellular through the intercellular junctions into the intestinal submucosa, that result in the reaction of immune system, the formation of antibodies, causing systemic inflammation and injury of various organs, including liver, skin, joints, endocrine organs, brain. The diet correction and modification of intestinal microbiota with the use of probiotics is considered as a promising direction in the prophylaxis and treatment of mane disease. The effective correction of friendly microbiota is impossible without efficacious suppression of representatives of pathogenic microflora. At the same time, it is important to choose a probiotic that should possess pronounced antagonistic properties in relation to pathogenic microbiota.