Abstract
Background The drug resistance and the immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment are important factors affecting tumor progression. Reversing drug resistance and changing tumor suppression microenvironment are ideal ways to inhibit tumor progression. Objective The aim of the study is to verify antitumor immune response of probiotics in patients with colorectal carcinoma and to explore its mechanism. Methods To detect the tumor samples of 122 patients with colorectal carcinoma after surgery, analyze the effect of probiotics on enhancing tumor-infiltrating CD8+T cells to inhibit colorectal carcinoma, and further verify the mechanism of probiotics on enhancing the antitumor immune response of CD8+T cells through animal experiments. Results The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the proportion of CD8+T cells in the patients treated with probiotics before surgery was increased significantly than that in other patients (P = 0.033). The results of flow cytometry also showed that the proportion of CD8+T cells in the probiotics group was higher than that in the nonprobiotics group (P = 0.029). Kaplan-Meier survival estimates also showed that the CD8+T cells, TNM stage, pathology grade, lymphatic metastasis, and probiotic treatment were significantly associated with the progression-free survival (PFS) (χ2 = 9.684, P = 0.002 for CD8+T cells; χ2 = 5.878, P = 0.015 for TNM stage; χ2 = 7.398, P = 0.004 for pathology grade; χ2 = 8.847, P = 0.003 for Lymphatic metastasis; and χ2 = 4.622, P = 0.032 for the group (group A was treated with probiotics before surgery; group B was not treated with probiotics)). The experimental results in mice showed that probiotics could inhibit tumor growth and increase the proportion of CD8+T cells in mice; the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.037). It was also found that probiotic feeding could upregulate the expression of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 1(TIM-1) in CD8+T cells of mice and also found that probiotic feeding could downregulate the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in CD8+T cells of mice, compared with the nonfeeding group; the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.045 for TIM-1 and P = 0.02 for PD-1, respectively). In order to further understand the functional status of CD8+T cells, we analyzed interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)+ T cells and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)+CD8+T cells by flow cytometry. The results showed that the proportion of IFN-γ+ T cells and TNF-α+CD8+T cells significantly increased after probiotic treatment, compared with the nonprobiotic treatment group; the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.040 for IFN-γ+ T cells and P = 0.014 for TNF-α+CD8+T, respectively). Conclusions Probiotics can enhance the antitumor immune response of CD8+T cells. It can play a synergistic antitumor role. On the one hand, its mechanism is through regulating intestinal flora, and on the other hand, through regulating the antitumor immune function of CD8+T cells.
Highlights
Colorectal carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system [1, 2]
The results of independent sample t-test showed that the infiltration rate of CD4+T cells in the patients treated with probiotics increased, compared with that in the patients treated with nonprobiotics, but there was no statistical significance (P = 0:068, Figure 1(e))
Cells in the patients treated with probiotics was significantly higher than that in the patients treated with nonprobiotics, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0:033, Figure 1(f))
Summary
Surgery is an important method of its treatment; chemotherapy after surgery is the key to reduce the recurrence and metastasis of tumor. Some patients who receive standard chemotherapy after surgery will still have recurrence and metastasis. This is mainly due to the immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment of the human body to tumor and the drug resistance of tumor to chemotherapy. The drug resistance and the immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment are important factors affecting tumor progression. The aim of the study is to verify antitumor immune response of probiotics in patients with colorectal carcinoma and to explore its mechanism. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates showed that the CD8+T cells, TNM stage, pathology grade, lymphatic metastasis, and probiotic treatment were significantly associated with the progression-free survival (PFS)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.