Abstract
Skin tissue repair is of fundamental importance for maintaining homeostasis regulation, protection barrier, absorption, and excretion of skin tissue. Wound healing is a complicated process that can be impaired by infections and therefore have a significant economic and social impact. Simultaneously, the overuse of antibiotics has led to antimicrobial resistance and loss of their efficacy. Thus, the need for alternative antimicrobial agents is urgent. The newest approaches on wound dressings employ new therapeutic agents, such as probiotics. Probiotics alone or in tandem with nanotechnology-based techniques exhibit a broad range of benefits on surgical wounds. This systematic review aims to consider current knowledge of probiotic effects on animals and humans regarding surgical wound healing and provide new insights into the role of nanotechnology. The databases included were PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL). Studies focused on burns, chronic wounds, and diabetic ulcers were excluded. The promising industry of probiotics demonstrates a significant upsurge as more and more healthy individuals rely their well-being on alternative medicine. Included probiotics illustrated positive results on wound re-epithelization, neovascularization, and wound healing. No adverse effects were noted.
Highlights
Skin has its own microbiome, which constitutes the skin barrier and is of utmost importance for maintaining human life, providing significant protection from external threats while enhancing homeostasis [1]
This review evaluates the effect of probiotics on surgical wounds in human and animal studies
Studies that analyzed the association of probiotics and surgical wound healing on animals, humans, and in vitro are included
Summary
Skin has its own microbiome, which constitutes the skin barrier and is of utmost importance for maintaining human life, providing significant protection from external threats while enhancing homeostasis [1]. Skin continuity is disrupted and follows a complex, protective mechanism of the skin, with the wound healing [1]. The phases involved in the wound healing process are hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. A severe wound site infection caused by endogenous flora, including antibiotic-resistant pathogens, can hinder this process. Surgical site infection rates have been reported to range from 2.5% to 41.9% [2]. Escherichia coli, Staphylococci, and Enterococci have been identified as the predominant causes in postoperative wounds [3]
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