Abstract
Probiotics have a role in maintaining oral health through interaction with oral microbiome, thus contributing to healthy microbial equilibrium. The nature and composition of any individual microbiome impacts the general health, being a major contributor to oral health. The emergence of drug resistance and the side effects of available antimicrobials have restricted their use in an array of prophylactic options. Indeed, some new strategies to prevent oral diseases are based on manipulating oral microbiota, which is provided by probiotics. Currently, no sufficient substantial evidence exists to support the use of probiotics to prevent, treat or manage oral cavity diseases. At present, probiotic use did not cause adverse effects or increased risks of caries or periodontal diseases. This implicates no strong evidence against treatment using probiotics. In this review, we try to explore the use of probiotics in prevention, treatment and management of some oral cavity diseases and the possibilities of developing designer probiotics for the next generation of oral and throat complimentary healthcare.
Highlights
It is well recognized that the human microbiome including bacteria, fungi, and viruses is ten times the number of cells of our body [1,2]
We present information on the expected beneficial role of probiotic microorganisms in the oral cavity in the context of the wider scope of the new era of biotherapeutics or biotherapy
Since the aim of managing the oral cavity infections lies in reducing the pathogenic burden by antibiotics or other means, this effect is not a permanent process due to recolonization in due course [4], and there are problems associated with emerging resistant bacteria, considering probiotics and beneficial bacteria with their prospective disease preventive capabilities provides a reasonable option for safer oral health
Summary
It is well recognized that the human microbiome including bacteria, fungi, and viruses is ten times the number of cells of our body [1,2]. It is known that probiotic bacteria including lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are good colonizers of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina and oral cavity of humans [8], which broaden the prospective role of biotherapy. Recent studies suggested a role of periodontopathic bacteria in enhancing systemic diseases including diabetes, respiratory and cardiovascular cases [9]. In the last decade, more research has been carried out in this direction and it was extended to the oral cavity where probiotics are expected to play an important therapeutic and/or preventive role in the development of oral diseases
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