Probiotic potential of the Indonesian local variety of fermented parboiled rice (tape) improved the metabolic syndrome of diabetic rats

Abstract

The number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) at the global level and in Indonesia continues to increase every year. Consumption of probiotic foods can improve symptoms of metabolic syndrome in DM. The research objective was to determine the effect of probiotic parboiled rice tape (fermented parboiled rice) on glucose, insulin, lipid profile, number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), pH, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in diabetic rats. The probiotic parboiled rice tape was made with the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13. The steamed rice was mixed with CMC as a thickener (2% of rice). The mixture was cooled to room temperature (for 5-10 mins) before being further mixed with the NKL yeast and powdered sugar (each of them was 0.2% of rice). Then, the mixture was inoculated with 1×108 CFU/g of L. plantarum Dad-13 and fermented at room temperature for 48 hrs. The tape was then given to diabetic Wistar rats in the form of a wet tape product at 1.8 g per head per day. Treatment diets were given for 28 days to 4 groups of rats, namely SFHR (Standard Feed in Healthy Rats), SFDR (Standard Feed in Diabetic Rats), PTDR (Probiotic rice Tape in Diabetic Rats), PPTDR (Probiotic Parboiled rice Tape in Diabetic Rats). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that, in the PTDR and PPTDR groups, their glucose levels decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 257.47 mg/dL to 155.78 mg/dL (39.49%), and from 260.32 mg/dL to 109.88 mg/dL (57.79%), respectively. For insulin levels, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) from 418.35 ug/dL to 485.00 ug/dL (15.86%) and from 414.84 ug/dL to 532.85 ug/dL (26.52%) in the PTDR and PPTDR groups respectively. In the PPTDR group, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels decreased significantly (p<0.05) by 37.65%, 34.50%, and 59.29%, respectively, and the percentage of reduction was greater than the other diet groups. HDL levels increased significantly (p<0.05) from 24.94 mg/dL to 67.64 mg/dL (171.21%) in the PPTDR group. Meanwhile, the amount of LAB, levels of SCFA (acetic acid, propionate and butyrate), and pH in rats - faeces did not show any significant (p>0.05) changes. The provision of probiotic tape improved the metabolic synthesis of diabetic rats and treatment with PPTDR was better than that of PTDR.