Abstract
Eimeria causes coccidiosis, which has long been recognized as a disease in chickens that significantly affects the economy. The global chicken population continues to grow, and its contribution to food security increases, making it increasingly important to produce chicken meat that is safe for human and health. This study aims to prove Pediococcus pentosaceus ABY 118 to modulation of ChIFN-γ and ChIL-10 in chickens infected with E. tenella oocysts. This study used 100 of day-old chickens (DOC), randomly divided into 5 treatments; each treatment consists of 20 chickens. The treatments was as follows: P0 (−): negative control; P0 (+): positive control; P1: monensin; P2: probiotic 1.5 × 108 CFU/ml; and P3: probiotic 3.0 × 108 CFU/ml. At the age of 20 days, Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) oocysts were inoculated orally at a dose of 1 × 104. The probiotic P. pentosaceus ABY 118 was given orally through drinking water from DOC to 35 days. Monensin was given orally through feed from the age of 14–26 days. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between treatments on ChIFN-γ and ChIL-10 at 6 and 8 days postinfected with E. tenella oocysts. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of P. pentosaceus ABY 118 isolates at a dose of 1.5 × 108 CFU/ml and 3.0 × 108 CFU/ml per liter of drinking water can increase health by stimulation of ChIFN-γ and ChIL-10 in broiler infected with E. tenella oocyst.
Highlights
Eimeria is a genus of obligate intracellular parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa; it is known that there are nine species of Eimeria in chickens, including E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mitis, E. necatrix, E. praecox, E. tenella, E. mivati, and E. hagani
P. pentosaceus belongs to the phylum Firmicutes, which can ferment undigested feed fiber into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), especially butyrate [9], which has an influence on IEC in chickens, so that they can produce ChIL-18 which induces CD4+ cells to differentiate into 1 effectors where ChIFN-c produced by these cells will induce activated CD8+ to become CTLs when encountering antigens presented by E. tenella [10]
SCFA can encourage CD4+ differentiation into 1 memory. e proinflammatory response shown by CD4+ and CD8+ is balanced by Tregs which are affected by SCFA produced by probiotic bacteria fermentation, so that ChIL-10 produced can relieve proinflammatory reactions
Summary
Eimeria is a genus of obligate intracellular parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa; it is known that there are nine species of Eimeria in chickens, including E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mitis, E. necatrix, E. praecox, E. tenella, E. mivati, and E. hagani. Coccidiosis controlling in chickens in Indonesia is generally carried out through sanitation, administration of coccidiostats in feed and drinking water, and the use of coccidia vaccines [1]. P. pentosaceus belongs to the phylum Firmicutes, which can ferment undigested feed fiber into SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), especially butyrate [9], which has an influence on IEC (intestinal epithelial cells) in chickens, so that they can produce ChIL-18 which induces CD4+ cells to differentiate into 1 effectors where ChIFN-c produced by these cells will induce activated CD8+ to become CTLs when encountering antigens presented by E. tenella [10]. E proinflammatory response shown by CD4+ and CD8+ is balanced by Tregs which are affected by SCFA produced by probiotic bacteria fermentation, so that ChIL-10 produced can relieve proinflammatory reactions. ChIL-10 is produced by dendritic cells affected by SCFA from microbes [11, 12]
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