Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for the generation of T-cell responses. DC function may be modulated by probiotics, which confer health benefits in immunocompromised individuals, such as the elderly. This study investigated the effects of four probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum bv. infantis CCUG 52486, B. longum SP 07/3, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L.GG) and L. casei Shirota (LcS), on DC function in an allogeneic mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) model, using DCs and T-cells from young and older donors in different combinations. All four probiotics enhanced expression of CD40, CD80 and CCR7 on both young and older DCs, but enhanced cytokine production (TGF-β, TNF-α) by old DCs only. LcS induced IL-12 and IFNγ production by DC to a greater degree than other strains, while B. longum bv. infantis CCUG 52486 favoured IL-10 production. Stimulation of young T cells in an allogeneic MLR with DC was enhanced by probiotic pretreatment of old DCs, which demonstrated greater activation (CD25) than untreated controls. However, pretreatment of young or old DCs with LPS or probiotics failed to enhance the proliferation of T-cells derived from older donors. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ageing increases the responsiveness of DCs to probiotics, but this is not sufficient to overcome the impact of immunosenescence in the MLR.
Highlights
Evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria modulate both innate and adaptive immunity in the host and may have therapeutic applications for various diseases (Jonkers et al, 2012; Yesilova et al, 2012)
This study investigated the effects of four probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum bv. infantis CCUG 52486, B. longum SP 07/3, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L.GG) and L. casei Shirota (LcS), on Dendritic cells (DCs) function in an allogeneic mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) model, using DCs and T-cells from young and older donors in different combinations
This study demonstrates that ageing increases the responsiveness of DCs to probiotics, but this is not sufficient to overcome the impact of immunosenescence in the MLR
Summary
Evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria modulate both innate and adaptive immunity in the host and may have therapeutic applications for various diseases (Jonkers et al, 2012; Yesilova et al, 2012). VSL#3, a probiotic combination of several Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains, confers immunoregulatory effects via induction of IL-10 by bone-marrow derived DCs in mice (Drakes et al, 2004), by human blood DCs in vitro (Hart et al, 2004) and by intestinal DCs both in vivo and in vitro (Ng et al, 2010). Some studies have demonstrated pro-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus (Mohamadzadeh et al, 2005) and B. breve (Latvala et al, 2008), as evidenced by induction of IL-12 and/or IFN-␥ by human myeloid or monocyte-derived DCs. DCs have pivotal roles in shaping adaptive immune responses, but there are conflicting data regarding DC-T cell interactions in response to probiotics.
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