Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, mainly through the process of replacing or including beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Fermented dairy foods such as yogurt, fermented milk and cheese are the major vehicle in delivering probiotics, and probiotic delivery have been traditionally associated with these fermented dairy foods. Additionally, many other non-dairy probiotic products and non-food form such as capsules, pills and tablets are also available and some of these non-food forms are highly popular among the consumers. Certain non-dairy probiotic foods, especially beverages that are non-fermented products, can also play an important role in probiotic delivery. There is an increasing demand for non-dairy probiotic foods (both fermented and non-fermented) including fruit and vegetable juices, soy and certain cereal products due to vegetarianism, lactose intolerance and dairy allergies, as well as interest in low cholesterol foods. In this context, this review mainly focus on the different types of probiotic food products including beverages with special reference to their viability followed by a brief account on the applicability of using fermented and non-fermented beverage products in probiotic delivery.
Highlights
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, mainly through the process of replacing or including beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract
Adapted and modified from [37,51]. Both dairy and non-dairy products may contain various other ingredients such as prebiotics that could interact with probiotics to alter their functional properties [105]
Microorganisms used in starter cultures are of great industrial significance since they play a vital role in flavour and textural development of fermented food products
Summary
There is still debate about the probiotic activity due to poor survival during gastrointestinal transit; b Safety concerns remain because of potential pathogenicity and vancomycin resistance. The gut microbiota plays an important role in host health, influencing the maturation of the immune system and regulating energy metabolism [11]. It is accepted that intake of probiotics contributes to the enhancement and maintenance of well-balanced intestinal microbiota. Many evidences support the use of these probiotics in prevention and treating diseases and health disorders such as high blood pressure. Probiotics possess anti-carcinogenic effects [17,18,19] and enhance the immune system [20,21].
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