Probing the Topological Surface State in Bi2Se3Thin Films Using Temperature-Dependent Terahertz Spectroscopy

Abstract

Strong spin–momentum coupling in topological insulators gives rise to topological surface states, protected against disorder scattering by time reversal symmetry. The study of these exotic quantum states not only provides an opportunity to explore fundamental phenomenon in condensed matter physics, such as the spin Hall effect, but also lays the foundation for applications in quantum computing to spintronics. Conventional electrical measurements suffer from substantial bulk interference, making it difficult to clearly identify topological surface state from the bulk. We use terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to study the temperature-dependent optical behavior of a 23-quintuple-thick film of bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3), allowing the deconvolution of the surface state response from the bulk. The signatures of the topological surface state at low temperatures (<30 K) with the optical conductance of Bi2Se3 exhibiting a metallic behavior are observed. Measurement of carrier dynamics results in an optical mobilit...