Abstract
Heavy ion collisions (HIC) have been widely used to extract the parametrization of symmetry energy term of nuclear equation of state as a function of barionic density. HIC in fact are a unique tool in terrestrial laboratories to explore the symmetry energy around the saturation density (ρ0 = 0.16fm−3) from sub-saturation densities (Fermi energies) towards compressed nuclear matter (ρ > 2 − 3ρ0) that can be reached at relativistic energies, as a function of different conditions of temperature, mass asymmetry and isospin. One of the main study at present is to reach a coherent description of EOS of asymmetric nuclear matter from heavy ion collisions of stable and exotic nuclei, nuclear structure studies and astrophysical observations. In this work an overview of the current status of the research is shortly reviewed together with new perspectives aimed to reduce the present experimental and theoretical uncertainties.
Highlights
The study of the Equation of State EOS(ρ, T, β) of asymmetric nuclear matter (where β =/ρ is the isospin asymmetry as a function of the neutrons and protons densities respectively and ρ = ρn + ρp is the barionic density) as a function of density, temperature and isospin asymmetry has been one of the most challenging goals of the almost last two decades from both experimental and theoretical sides [1,2,3,4]
Heavy ion collisions (HIC) are a unique tool in terrestrial laboratories to explore the symmetry energy around the saturation density (ρ0 = 0.16f m−3) from sub-saturation densities (Fermi energies) towards compressed nuclear matter (ρ > 2 − 3ρ0) that can be reached at relativistic energies, as a function of different conditions of temperature, mass asymmetry and isospin
The nuclear EOS for asymmetric matter is well described by the parabolic approximation E(ρ, β) = E0(ρ, 0) + S(ρ)β2 [5], where E0 is the energy for nucleon of the symmetric matter (β = 0) and S(ρ) is the symmetry energy describing, as a function of density, the change in nuclear energy (EOS) associated with neutron-proton asymmetry
Summary
The study of the Equation of State EOS(ρ, T, β) of asymmetric nuclear matter (where β = (ρn − ρp)/ρ is the isospin asymmetry as a function of the neutrons and protons densities respectively and ρ = ρn + ρp is the barionic density) as a function of density, temperature and isospin asymmetry has been one of the most challenging goals of the almost last two decades from both experimental and theoretical sides [1,2,3,4]. Some aspects related to sensitivity of observables to symmetry energy in heavy ion collisions will be reported considering as main pathway the different barionic densities of nuclear matter that can be explored in heavy ion collisions
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