Abstract
The present study describes an investigation by fluorescence quenching, circular dichroism and UV-visible spectroscopy of the interaction between norfloxacin (NRF) and human serum albumin (HSA) in the presence of electromagnetic fields (EMFs). The results obtained from this study indicated that NRF had a strong ability to quench HSA at λex = 280 nm. In addition, a slight blue shift occurred, which suggested that the microenvironment of the protein became more hydrophobic after addition of NRF. The interaction between the NRF and HSA, whether in the absence or presence of an EMF, was considered to be a static quenching mechanism. Moreover, synchronous fluorescence demonstrated that the microenvironment around Trp became modified. Data of HSA-NRF in the presence of EMFs between 1 Hz–1 MHz confirmed the results of quenching and blue shifts. Corresponding Stern-Volmer plots were also drawn and the resultant Ksv and kq values were compared. Moreover, the binding parameters, including the number of binding sites, the binding constant and the distance, r, between donor and acceptor, were calculated based on Förster’s non-radiative energy transfer theory. According to far and near UV-CD, the formation of the complex caused changes of the secondary and tertiary structures of HSA. The obtained results are significant for patients who are subjected to high-frequency radiation as this was found to reduce the affinity of NRF to HSA.
Highlights
There exist several reports on the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on proteins
In light of what happens to the biological systems when they are exposed to EMFs, there is some evidence of possible effects involving electron transfer reactions, as extensively reported by Blank and coworkers [4,5,6]
The effects of EMFs on the structure and binding behavior of human serum albumin (HSA) to NRF were studied at physiological pH and temperature
Summary
There exist several reports on the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on proteins. In light of what happens to the biological systems when they are exposed to EMFs, there is some evidence of possible effects involving electron transfer reactions, as extensively reported by Blank and coworkers [4,5,6]. Diagnostic medical sonographers direct high frequency sound waves into areas of the patient's body with the use of special equipment. As known, such technologies are always accompanied by propagation of EMFs in the environment. This has raised some controversial issues within the scientific community regarding the potential hazardous effects on human health [7], and it is of importance to study the effects of EMFs on biological systems
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