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Abstract
The so-called function-structure-dynamics paradigm established that a close relationship links the way biological molecules work (function), their 3-dimensional organization (structure) and the changes of this organization in time (dynamics), which characterize biomolecules as highly dynamic objects. A typical example of protein dynamics is provided by protein reactions with substrates: equilibrium thermal fluctuations of protein structure are necessary to allow the access of substrates to the active site, where the functional reaction occurs. Neutron scattering is a powerful technique to study equilibrium protein structural dynamics. The incoherent structure factor, which is dominant in neutron scattering from biological matter, is related to the time-position self correlation function of protein/solvent nuclei. Here the basic theory of neutron scattering and the principles of the technologies used to measure it are described. Some selected applications of neutron scattering for investigating the structural dynamics of biological molecules are also reviewed.
Highlights
The so-called function-structure-dynamics paradigm established that a close relationship links the way biological molecules work, their 3-dimensional organization and the changes of this organization in time, which characterize biomolecules as highly dynamic objects
This section contains the basic formalism for describing neutron scattering in a quantitative way and forms the basis for understanding the following sections dedicated to neutron scattering from biological matter
We will show how the macroscopic physical quantities measured by neutron scattering are related to the microscopic state of the matter interacting with neutrons during an experiment
Summary
This section contains the basic formalism for describing neutron scattering in a quantitative way and forms the basis for understanding the following sections dedicated to neutron scattering from biological matter. We will show how the macroscopic physical quantities measured by neutron scattering are related to the microscopic state of the matter interacting with neutrons during an experiment. The neutron is an electrically neutral nuclear particle with a mass mn = 1.675 × 10- 27 kg and a spin s = 1/2. The neutron does not live naturally in free form, but decays into a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino, with a lifetime τ~ 886 s, much longer than the time of a scattering event during an experiment, typically a fraction of a second. The neutron interacts with nuclei via the strong nuclear force and with magnetic moments via dipole-dipole coupling
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