Probing signals of atmospheric gravity waves excited by the July 29, 2021 MW8.2 Alaska earthquake

Abstract

It is commonly believed that the atmosphere is decoupled from the solid Earth. Thus, it is difficult for the seismic wave energy inside the Earth to propagate into the atmosphere, and atmospheric pressure wave signals excited by earthquakes are unlikely to exist in atmospheric observations. An increasing number of studies have shown that earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis can perturb the Earth's atmosphere due to various coupling effects. However, the observations mainly focus on acoustic waves with periods of less than 10 min and inertial gravity waves with periods of greater than 1 h. There are almost no clear observations of gravity waves that coincide with observations of low-frequency signals of the Earth's free oscillation frequency band within 1 h. This paper investigates atmospheric gravity wave signals within 1 h of surface-atmosphere observations using the periodogram method based on seismometer and microbarometer observations from the global seismic network before and after the July 29, 2021 MW8.2 Alaska earthquake in the United States. The numerical results show that the atmospheric gravity wave signals with frequencies similar to those of the Earth's free oscillations 0S2 and 0T2 can be detected in the microbarometer observations. The results confirm the existence of atmospheric gravity waves, indicating that the atmosphere and the solid Earth are not decoupled within this frequency band and that seismic wave energy excited by earthquakes can propagate from the interior of the Earth to the atmosphere and enhance the atmospheric gravity wave signals within 1 h.