Abstract
Mice with reconstituted human immune systems can mount cell-mediated immune responses against the human tumor viruses Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Primarily cytotoxic lymphocytes protect the vast majority of persistently infected carriers of these tumor viruses from the respective malignancies for life. Thus, EBV and KSHV infection can teach us how this potent immune control is induced, what phenotype and functions characterize the protective lymphocyte compartments and if similar immune responses could be induced by vaccination. This review will summarize similarities and differences between EBV and KSHV associated pathologies and their immune control in patients and mice with reconstituted human immune systems. Furthermore, it will high-light which aspects of the near perfect immune control can be modeled in the latter preclinical animal models and discuss their relevance for cancer immunology in general.
Highlights
ON EBV AND KSHV SPECIFIC IMMUNE CONTROLThe two human γ-herpesviruses Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are WHO class I carcinogens [1,2,3]
EBV causes epithelial cell tumors, like nasopharyngeal and 10% of gastric carcinoma [5], while KSHV is the etiological cause of the endothelial cell derived cancer Kaposi sarcoma [3]
EBV and KSHV associated lymphomas as well as Kaposi sarcoma develop at increased frequencies after immune suppression, due to for example human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or iatrogenic treatment after transplantation [7, 8]
Summary
Reviewed by: Shigeyoshi Fujiwara, National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), Japan. Mice with reconstituted human immune systems can mount cell-mediated immune responses against the human tumor viruses Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV). EBV and KSHV infection can teach us how this potent immune control is induced, what phenotype and functions characterize the protective lymphocyte compartments and if similar immune responses could be induced by vaccination. This review will summarize similarities and differences between EBV and KSHV associated pathologies and their immune control in patients and mice with reconstituted human immune systems. It will high-light which aspects of the near perfect immune control can be modeled in the latter preclinical animal models and discuss their relevance for cancer immunology in general
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