Abstract
Polydopamine has been found to be a biocompatible polymer capable of supporting cell growth and attachment, and to have antibacterial and antifouling properties. Together with its ease of manufacture and application, it ought to make an ideal biomaterial and function well as a coating for implants. In this paper, atomic force microscope was used to measure the adhesive forces between polymer-, protein- or polydopamine-coated surfaces and a silicon nitride or polydopamine-functionalised probes. Surfaces were further characterised by contact angle goniometry, and solutions by circular dichroism. Polydopamine was further characterised with infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that polydopamine functionalisation of the atomic force microscope probe significantly reduced adhesion to all tested surfaces. For example, adhesion to mica fell from 0.27 ± 0.7 to 0.05 ± 0.01 nN nm−1. The results suggest that polydopamine coatings are suitable to be used for a variety of biomedical applications.
Highlights
The ideal coating for a biomedical device should be non-toxic, non-inflammatory, resistant to bacterial colonisation and support growth of host cells to improve integration [1]
Porcine gastric mucin type II (PGM; Sigma M2378), bovine serum albumin (BSA; Sigma A7906), trypsin (Sigma T4549), diiodomethane (DIM; 99%) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) tablets were purchased from Sigma (USA)
The PD layer could be expected to be approximately 50 nm thick which is the approximate thickness attained after immersion for 18 h seemingly regardless of substrate according to Liu et al [12] and Lynge et al [56]
Summary
The ideal coating for a biomedical device should be non-toxic, non-inflammatory, resistant to bacterial colonisation and support growth of host cells to improve integration [1]. The mussel adhesive-inspired polydopamine (PD) appears to be an ideal biomaterial coating since it fulfils all these criteria It exhibits low cytotoxicity [2], antibacterial properties [3, 4], promotes cell growth [5,6,7,8], resists corrosion [9], can aid antibiotic release [10, 11], is simple to produce with control over film thickness [12] and can be attached to a variety of surfaces including silanes [13], metals [9, 14], polymers [7, 15,16,17] dentine [18] and even hair [19]. Hong et al [2] found that some of the dopamine in the PD remains unpolymerized, but trapped within the PD matrix and can be released over time to provide an antibacterial effect
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