Abstract
The second generation HTS wires have been used in many superconducting components of electrical engineering after they were fabricated. New challenge what we face to is how the damages occur in such wires with multi-layer structure under both mechanical and extreme environment, which also dominates their quality. In this work, a macroscale technique combined a real-time magneto-optical imaging with a cryogenic uniaxial-tensile loading system was established to investigate the damage behavior accompanied with magnetic flux evolution. Under a low speed of tensile strain, it was found that the local magnetic flux moves gradually to form intermittent multi-stack spindle penetrations, which corresponds to the cracks initiated from substrate and extend along both tape thickness and width directions, where the amorphous phases at the tip of cracks were also observed. The obtained results reveal the mechanism of damage formation and provide a potential orientation for improving mechanical quality of these wires.
Highlights
The second generation high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires have been used in many superconducting components of electrical engineering after they were fabricated
To probe the magnetic flux behaviour under tensile strain, a testing system was constructed, as shown in Fig. 1c, in which a MO microscope is cooperated in a cryogenic loading system
There is no difficulty for us to use the presented experimental approach for conducting the necessary tests of the damages in the 2G HTS wires and to further provide guidance for image of a 0.73% strained sample. b–d Three microlevel local scanning electron microscope (SEM) images from (a), where their damages were observed in these flux penetrated areas
Summary
The second generation HTS wires have been used in many superconducting components of electrical engineering after they were fabricated. A protective coverage of metal layers is covered on the YBCO layer Such preparation procedure makes the “Second Generation (2G)” HTS wires have the properties including flexibility and critical current significantly improved with long length (>1 km) and high performance (77 K, >1 MA/cm[2] in self-field)[5]. Have been manufactured, which provides a large market with great potential and wide prospects[10,11,12] In these applications, there are two major forces that exert on the CCs: the thermal stress caused by the thermal mismatch of different material components and the Lorenz force generated from the interaction of high current and a strong magnetic field[13].
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