Probing novel GPCR interactions using a combination of FRET and TIRF

Abstract

Recent work on G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has highlighted the importance of homo- and heterodimerization in all areas of GPCR function, including trafficking, signaling and desensitization. Novel GPCR dimers and even high-order oligomers are constantly being discovered. Advances in techniques such as fluorescent microscopy have improved our ability to detect these interactions. As GPCRs represent the largest class of transmembrane signaling molecules in biology, these new insights into their function could vastly improve our understanding of the complex physiological role GPCRs play in cellular signaling. Utilizing a combination of classic biochemical approaches and newer techniques such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF), we recently demonstrated a novel interaction between M2 muscarinic receptors and GABAB receptors. In this addendum, we address technical aspects of combining FRET and TIRF to study GPCR interactions and further discuss the physiological implications of the M2-GABAB heterodimer.