Abstract
The tau neutrino is probably the least studied particle in the standard model (SM), with only a handful of interaction events being identified so far. This can in part be attributed to their small production rate in the SM, which occurs mainly through ${D}_{s}$ meson decay. However, this also makes the tau neutrino flux measurement an interesting laboratory for additional new physics production modes. In this study, we investigate the possibility of tau neutrino production in the decay of light vector bosons. We consider four scenarios of anomaly-free $U(1)$ gauge groups corresponding to the $B\ensuremath{-}L$, $B\ensuremath{-}{L}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{-}2{L}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$, $B\ensuremath{-}{L}_{e}\ensuremath{-}2{L}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$, and $B\ensuremath{-}3{L}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ numbers, analyze current constraints on their parameter spaces, and explore the sensitivity of DONuT as well as the future emulsion detector experiments $\mathrm{FASER}\ensuremath{\nu}$, SND@LHC, and SND@SHiP. We find that these experiments provide the leading direct constraints in parts of the parameter space, especially when the vector boson's mass is close to the mass of the $\ensuremath{\omega}$ meson.
Highlights
The standard model (SM) consist of 17 particles, out of which the tau neutrino ντ is the least experimentally constrained one
This small SM production rate makes the tau neutrino flux measurement an interesting laboratory for additional beyond the SM (BSM) production modes. One example of such new physics are light vector bosons V associated with additional gauge groups
Indirect searches provide a powerful tool to search for new physics, our interpretation typically relies on the additional underlying assumptions that no further new physics is present or interferes with the considered light vector boson contribution
Summary
The standard model (SM) consist of 17 particles, out of which the tau neutrino ντ is the least experimentally constrained one. In the SM, tau neutrinos are mainly produced in the decay of Ds mesons, leading to a small flux compared to other neutrino flavors This small SM production rate makes the tau neutrino flux measurement an interesting laboratory for additional beyond the SM (BSM) production modes. One example of such new physics are light vector bosons V associated with additional gauge groups. Light vector bosons often decay roughly into all three neutrino flavors, leading to a sizable tau neutrino flux This contribution could, in principle, be comparable to or larger than the SM ντ flux and, allows us to probe such models in tau neutrino experiments.
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