Abstract
Polarization imaging can quantitatively probe the microscopic structure of biological tissues which can be complex and consist of layered structures. In this paper, we established a fast-backscattering Mueller matrix imaging system to characterize the dynamic variation in the microstructure of single-layer and double-layer tissues as glycerin solution penetrated into the samples. The characteristic response of Mueller matrix elements, as well as polarization parameters with clearer physics meanings, show that polarization imaging can capture the dynamic variation in the layered microstructure. The experimental results are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. Further examination on the accuracy of Mueller matrix measurements also shows that much faster speed has to be considered when backscattering Mueller matrix imaging is applied to living samples.
Highlights
Further examination on the accuracy of Mueller matrix measurements shows that much faster speed has to be considered when backscattering Mueller matrix imaging is applied to living samples
By monitoring the Tissue optical clearing (TOC) dynamics on double-layer and monolayer samples, we demonstrate that some Mueller matrices (MM) elements and polarization parameters can characterize the double-layer features during TOC, which demonstrate that the fastbackscattering Mueller matrix imaging can be a powerful tool to probe and understand the dynamics variations in the microstructure of layered tissues
The backscattering matrix imaging (MMI) system is based on division of focal plane polarimeters (DoFP) which was successfully used in an upright transmission Mueller matrix microscope for fast MMI of tissue slides and cells [11]
Summary
Further examination on the accuracy of Mueller matrix measurements shows that much faster speed has to be considered when backscattering Mueller matrix imaging is applied to living samples. Polarization imaging has many advantages such as being non-invasive, sensitive to microstructural features [1–7], and capable of quantitative detection of microstructural features in biological tissues [8–10]. Polarization imaging can be achieved by adding a polarization states generator and analyzer to existing optical systems. Compared with traditional non-polarized optical methods, a polarization measurement can provide much richer information on the microstructure of scattering samples such as biological tissues [12]. Such measurements are label-free and non-invasive and are attractive tools for monitoring dynamic processes in living samples. The polarization property of the sample can be characterized by a 4 × 4 Mueller matrix [12]. The Mueller matrix is the transformation matrix of polarization states. Identifying the characteristic behavior of a layered structure can be very helpful to characterize the microstructure of complex tissues
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