Abstract
City-scale mass gatherings attract hundreds of thousands of pedestrians. These pedestrians need to be monitored constantly to detect critical crowd situations at an early stage and to mitigate the risk that situations evolve towards dangerous incidents. Hereby, the crowd density is an important characteristic to assess the criticality of crowd situations.
Highlights
City-scale mass gatherings attract hundreds of thousands of attendees
With a discussion of the limitations of our methodology, we identify the area of application and conclude that smartphones are a promising tool for crowd monitoring
Emerging critical crowd situations need to be detected at an early stage in order to mitigate the risk of a situation evolving towards a dangerous incident
Summary
City-scale mass gatherings attract hundreds of thousands of attendees. On April , an estimated number of . million spectators congregated in London for the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton [ ]. Up to million people got together in Madrid, Spain for a parade celebrating the success of the Spanish national football team winning the FIFA World Cup [ ]. Such events with many visitors but with a restricted area and complex architectural configurations like narrowings and intersections bear the risk of dangerous crowd incidents [ , ]. Simulation tools help to design and proactively deploy crowd control mechanisms before mass gatherings to mitigate the risk of dangerous crowd incidents. I.e. the number of people per unit area, has been identified as one important measure to assess the criticality of a situation [ , ] and there is a need to obtain this information during an event [ ]
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