Abstract
Axionlike particles (ALPs) with lepton flavor-violating (LFV) interactions are predicted within a wide range of flavored ALP models. The proposed μTRISTAN high-energy e−μ+ and μ+μ+ collider will provide a good opportunity to explore flavor physics in the charged lepton sector. In this work, based on a model-independent effective Lagrangian describing the ALP leptonic interactions, we investigate the potential of μTRISTAN to probe ALP LFV couplings. We analyze the testability of selected ALP production channels with potential sensitivity at μTRISTAN, considering different beams and collision energies, including e−μ+→aγ, e−μ+→e−τ+a, μ+μ+→μ+τ+a, and e−μ+→τ−μ+a. The produced ALP a is either long-lived or can promptly decay to flavor-violating or flavor-conserving charged lepton final states. In particular, combining the above LFV ALP production modes with a suitable LFV decay mode, one can identify signatures that are virtually free of Standard Model background. We show the resulting sensitivity of μTRISTAN to LFV ALP couplings and compare it with multiple low-energy leptonic constraints and the future improvements thereof. We find that μTRISTAN can be generally complementary to searches for low-energy LFV processes and measurements of the leptonic magnetic dipole moments and has the capability to explore unconstrained parameter space for ALP masses in the O(1)–O(100) GeV range. In the light ALP regime, however, the parameter space that μTRISTAN is sensitive to has been already excluded by low-energy searches for LFV decays. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
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