Abstract
An on-line supervisory 1.55 µm 10 Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) distributed fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) transmission system using either a forward- or backward-pumping scheme is investigated. A distorted optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) trace due to the Raman gain amplification of 1.65 µm OTDR pulsed light and unwanted Rayleigh-backscattered CW amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) lights is observed. Such distorted traces give rise to an unaccurately measured fiber-loss coefficient and a reflection profile along the fiber link. The monitoring characteristics and system power penalty for both forward- and backward-pumping schemes are examined and compared.
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