Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Multiple Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological condition might emerge as a result ofcomplex combination of genetic risk factors with environmental triggers, including oxidative stress. in this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of oral Crocin on oxidative stress in patients with MS. 
 Materials and Methods: Adjunct to standard treatment, the Crocin group (20 patients) received 30-mg/day (15 mg twice daily) dose of Crocin and placebo group (20 patients) received for 4 weeks. Saliva and urine samples were collected to determine the levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase activity (CAT), total thiol groups (TTG), lipid peroxidation (LPO), were measured at baseline and the end of the study.
 
 Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences of LPO, TAC, CAT, and TTG of urine between the control and case groups. However, a significant difference was found after 4 weeks of Crocin-therapy in TTG,TAC and LPO (p<0.05) except in CAT activity (P>0.05). We found no deffrence in urinary TTG level and CAT activity in control group at the end of intervention (P>0.05), while TAC and LPO level were significantly different at the end of the study as compared with the beginning (P<0.05). Althugh, we found no significant difference in saliva LPO, TTG and TAC levels and the activity of CAT in case and control groups at first (p>0.05), Crocin administration have resulted in a significant increase in saliva TTG and TAC levels as well as CAT activity and markedly decrease in LPO level (p<0.05).
 Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Crocin can significantly reduce the several oxidative stress factors in MS patients and may contributes to attenuates the oxidative damages.
Highlights
Introduction and AimMultiple Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological condition might emerge as a result ofcomplex combination of genetic risk factors with environmental triggers, including oxidative stress. in this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of oral Crocin on oxidative stress in patients with MS
It is well-known that overproduced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and oxidative stress has a pathological role in various diseases such as diabetic Mellitus (DM), neurodegenerative disease, and multiple sclerosis (MS) [3]. recently, it has been reported that oxidative stress cause an excessive immune response by altering the auto-antibodies structure which could result in autoimmune disease in the CNS, the overactive immune system promotes the activation of myelinspecific T cells, followed by the activation of microglia causing lesions in the brain [4]
There was no significant difference in the urine catalase activity between the controls and cases (p>0.05) at the beginning of the study, as well as we CA T(U m ol/m l) found that 4 weeks Crocin therapy of cases showed no notable change in catalase activity (p>0.05)
Summary
Introduction and AimMultiple Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological condition might emerge as a result ofcomplex combination of genetic risk factors with environmental triggers, including oxidative stress. in this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of oral Crocin on oxidative stress in patients with MS. Multiple Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological condition might emerge as a result ofcomplex combination of genetic risk factors with environmental triggers, including oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a consequence of failure in the balence between the endogenous ROS generation and endogenous antioxidant defense systems [2]. It is well-known that overproduced ROS and oxidative stress has a pathological role in various diseases such as diabetic Mellitus (DM), neurodegenerative disease, and multiple sclerosis (MS) [3]. There is no study with detailed explanation of genesis involved in the disease, it has been revealed that complex combination of autoimmune processes with genetic predisposition and environmental factors might be the main cause of MS pathogenesis [11,12,13]. It has been reported that oxidative stress could play a critical role in MS pathogenesis, antioxidants have been considered as preventative, curative, and most outstandingly, oxidative stress counteracting factors [14]. antioxidants agents as an scavengers remove the ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and substitute them with less harmful substances [15]
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