Probability of carcinogenesis due to involved field and involved site radiation therapy techniques for supra- and infradiaphragmatic Hodgkin’s disease

Abstract

PurposeTo estimate the second cancer risk associated with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) radiotherapy at supradiaphragmatic or infradiaphragmatic region, using the involved field (IFRT) and the involved site radiotherapy (ISRT). Materials and methodsIFRT and ISRT treatment plans were created for twenty HL patients. Three dimensional plans (3DRT) were employed for all patients. The organ equivalent dose (OED) and lifetime attributable risk (LAR) for organs at risk were estimated with mechanistic, plateau and bell-shaped model. Estimated risk values were compared with nominal risk of unexposed population. ResultsFor supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy, the mean OED range was 0.63–8.53 Gy and 0.63–7.26 Gy for IFRT and ISRT, respectively. The corresponding range for infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy was 0.18–7.64 Gy and 0.80–4.95 Gy. The LAR for cancer induction in the partially in field organs at risk after IFRT was 0.5%–8.0% and 0.2%–9.3% at supradiaphragmatic and infradiaphragmatic regions, respectively. The corresponding risk after ISRT method was 0.5%–5.2% and 0.9%–6.0%. Estimated cancer risk for breast, lung, thyroid, colon and rectal with ISRT was found significantly reduced compared to IFRT. The risk of secondary malignancies for lung, mouth, pharynx, rectum and colon was assessed more than 1.2 times higher than nominal risk for IFRT. The respective risk using ISRT was above nominal only for pharyngeal cancer. ConclusionISRT compared with IFRT, results in decreased second cancer risk in most organs considered. Second cancer probability with IFRT was higher than the nominal risk for certain organs, while for ISRT remains higher only for pharyngeal cancer.