Abstract
Publisher Summary The fundamental character of probability ideas and research methods in modern physics has been widely recognized. The chapter reviews that the penetration of physics deep into matter and the discovery of the structure and properties of substance (classical statistical physics) and then of atoms and microprocesses (quantum theory) has been essentially based on the probability concepts. It discusses that there are considerable differences of opinion on the foundation of probability in physics. These differences are especially conspicuous when it comes to the comparative analysis of the foundations of probability in classical and quantum physics. The probabilities that occur in classical physics are interpreted as being because of an incomplete specification of the systems under consideration, caused by the limitations of knowledge of the detailed structure and development of these systems. Thus, these probabilities should be interpreted as being of a subjective nature.
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