Abstract
Abstract The search activity concept proposed a new classification of the types of behavior according to the adaptation to the environment. In this article I have explained the story of the creation of this concept and discuss the probability forecasts of the outcomes of activity in different types of behavior and in REM sleep dreams. The direction of search can be changed if the outcome of activity does not correspond to the forecast. Stereotyped behavior uses habitual skills and algorithms with a definite forecast of the results. Chaotic (panic) behavior does not include monitoring of the results of activity. It determines the unreasonable fluctuations of the direction of activity independent of its outcome without probability forecast. Finally after painful failures it can lead to the renunciation of activity where the forecast of the positive results of activity is on the zero level. In REM sleep dreams subject is separated from the surrounding environment and the “failures” of the virtual activity are not dangerous for the subject. The process of activity by itself is more important than its direction and its outcome. For this reason search activity in dreams imitates chaotic activity in wakefulness however without its negative outcome and after awakening subject is ready to perform normal search activity.
Highlights
Before discussing the main topic of this theoretical article - the role of probability forecast in different types of behavior and in REM sleep - I would like to present the history of the development of the search activity concept that elucidates the solution of many contradictions related to this topic.The initial step to the development of the Search Activity concept was done when 45 years ago I started to investigate sleep in patients with insomnia caused by neurotic anxiety and depression
I have suddenly found that after awakenings in REM sleep these patients present much less often dream reports than healthy subjects and their dream reports are less vivid and less rich according to images, events and actions
For instance (Indursky, Rotenberg, 1998) that even in patients with major depression mood in the morning after awakenings in almost 20% of all nights is better than in the evening and in such cases eye movement (EM) density in REM sleep has in average a normal dynamic: it increases from the first to the last REM sleep period what is not typical for depression where often EM density is higher in the first cycles
Summary
Before discussing the main topic of this theoretical article - the role of probability forecast in different types of behavior and in REM sleep - I would like to present the history of the development of the search activity concept that elucidates the solution of many contradictions related to this topic. It was possible to propose that this function is lost in patients and it determines the increase of repression as a defense mechanism that causes anxiety It was really shown in some investigations (Grieser et al, 1972) that REM sleep deprivation in healthy subjects causes repression. At that time it was already known that in animals REM sleep is characterized by the synchronized hippocampal theta- rhythm This rhythm is present in wakefulness and behavior in wakefulness accompanied by this rhythm is very polymorphic. It was difficult to find a common characteristic and essence of these types of behavior They were characterized by opposite emotional feelings: selfstimulation is accompanied by positive emotions and fight and flight represent negative emotions. Fight, orienting behavior and self-stimulation display an approach behavior while flight displays an avoidance behavior
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