Probabilistic robust hyperbola mixture model for interpreting ground penetrating radar data

Abstract

This paper proposes a probabilistic robust hyperbola mixture model based on a classification expectation maximization algorithm and applies this algorithm to Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) spatial data interpretation. Previous work tackling this problem using the Hough transform or neural networks for identifying GPR hyperbolae are unsuitable for on-site applications owing to their computational demands and the difficulties of getting sufficient appropriate training data for neural network based approaches. By incorporating a robust hyperbola fitting algorithm based on orthogonal distance into the probabilistic mixture model, the proposed algorithm can identify the hyperbolae in GPR data in real time and also calculate the depth and the size of the buried utility pipes. The number of the hyperbolae can be determined by conducting model selection using a Bayesian information criterion. The experimental results on both the synthetic/simulated and real GPR data show the effectiveness of this algorithm.