Abstract
Feeding biomass-fueled gas engines (BFGEs) with olive tree pruning residues offers new opportunities to decrease fossil fuel use in road vehicles and electricity generation. BFGEs, coupled to radial distribution systems (RDSs), provide renewable energy and power that can feed electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. However, the combined impact of BFGEs and EVs on RDSs must be assessed to assure the technical constraint fulfilment. Because of the stochastic nature of source/load, it was decided that a probabilistic approach was the most viable option for this assessment. Consequently, this research developed an analytical technique to evaluate the technical constraint fulfilment in RDSs with this combined interaction. The proposed analytical technique (PAT) involved the calculation of cumulants and the linearization of load-flow equations, along with the application of the cumulant method, and Cornish-Fisher expansion. The uncertainties related to biomass stock and its heating value (HV) were important factors that were assessed for the first time. Application of the PAT in a Spanish RDS with BFGEs and EVs confirmed the feasibility of the proposal and its additional benefits. Specifically, BFGEs were found to clearly contribute to the voltage constraint fulfilment. The computational cost of the PAT was lower than that associated with Monte-Carlo simulations (MCSs).
Highlights
In the world today, there is great concern about the possible effects of climate change
The results focused on node 97 and node 74 regulation) andwithout node 74BFGEs)
The MCS was applied to highlight the accuracy of the results obtained with the Proposed Analytical Technique (PAT)
Summary
There is great concern about the possible effects of climate change. For this reason, international policy [1,2,3] predicts a reduction in the use of fossil fuels, and the electricity sector is gradually switching to renewable power sources. It is true that fossil fuels are still widely used to power road vehicles and to generate electricity. In this context, biomass has become an attractive option for public and policymakers [5]. Certain studies [7,8] underline its low use/potential ratio, and highlight the need to make its use more widespread
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