Abstract
A novel limit-state function using Powers’ models is developed to assess current freeze-thaw exposure categories and design criteria for concrete placements established by American, Canadian, and European standards organizations. Based upon performance assessments by standardized accelerated testing, the current specifications are shown to provide sufficient levels of reliability pending an appropriate mean air-void spacing factor. Sensitivity assessments of the model demonstrate that the spacing factor, saturation state, permeability, and freezing rate significantly influence the response of the air-entrained concrete. The model is validated with a large dataset derived from standard freeze-thaw tests, and an equation is developed to probabilistically design concrete for freeze-thaw resistance.
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