Abstract
Distributed generations (DGs) are main components for active distribution networks (ADNs). Owing to the large number of DGs integrated into distribution levels, it will be essential to schedule active and reactive power resources in ADNs. Generally, energy and reactive power scheduling problems are separately managed in ADNs. However, the separate scheduling cannot attain a global optimum scheme in the operation of ADNs. In this paper, a probabilistic simultaneous active/reactive scheduling framework is presented for ADNs. In order to handle the uncertainties of power generations of renewable-based DGs and upstream grid prices in an efficient framework, a stochastic programming technique is proposed. The stochastic programming can help distribution system operators (DSOs) to make operation decisions in front of existing uncertainties. The proposed coordinated model considers the minimization of the energy and reactive power costs of all distributed resources along with the upstream grid. Meanwhile, a new payment index as loss profit value for DG units is introduced and embedded in the model. Numerical results based on the 22-bus and IEEE 33-bus ADNs validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The obtained results verify that through the proposed stochastic-based power management system, the DSO can effectively schedule all DGs along with its economic targets while considering severe uncertainties.
Highlights
The high growth of distribute energy resources (DERs) penetration into medium voltage (MV) distribution networks has caused the distribution system operators (DSOs) to face some management, economic and technical issues
Where PFD;Gh;w;sðw 1⁄4 1; 2; . . .; NResÞ, BhDisCo;s and qhQ;distribution company (DisCo);s are the forecasted active power of renewable energy sources (RES)-Distributed generations (DGs) w, energy and reactive power price of upstream grid offered by DisCo in scenario s and hour h, respectively; NRes is the total number of RES-DGs
These payments consist of energy costs of DGs, reactive power costs of DG including availability and losses costs, total costs of energy and reactive power procured by DisCo from upstream market and total cost of loss profit value (LPV) paid to DG owners
Summary
The high growth of distribute energy resources (DERs) penetration into medium voltage (MV) distribution networks has caused the distribution system operators (DSOs) to face some management, economic and technical issues. Probabilistic day-ahead simultaneous active-reactive power management in active distribution systems dispatch problem in a distribution network populated with DERs [6] It has used a conic relaxation based on a branch flow formulation. In [20], a more comprehensive research work in comparison with the former, an improved multi-objective teaching-learning algorithm has been implemented to manage MGs. In [21], a stochastic bidding strategy of MGs in a coupled day-ahead energy and spinning reserve market has been proposed taking into account the uncertainties of renewable powers and loads. A new stochastic market-based model for simultaneous day ahead active/reactive power dispatch scheduling are presented aiming at achieving coordinated volt/var control for ADNs. In the proposed model, distribution company (DisCo) is an intermediate entity between wholesale market and distribution system. Numerical studies of the proposed modeling are implemented and analyzed in detail in Section 4 and Section 5 is devoted to the conclusion
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