Abstract
In predictable contexts, motor inhibitory control can be deployed before the actual need for response suppression. The brain functional underpinnings of proactive inhibition, and notably the role of basal ganglia, are not entirely identified. We investigated the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or internal globus pallidus on proactive inhibition in patients with Parkinson's disease. They completed a cued go/no‐go proactive inhibition task ON and (unilateral) OFF stimulation while EEG was recorded. We found no behavioural effect of either subthalamic nucleus or internal globus pallidus deep brain stimulation on proactive inhibition, despite a general improvement of motor performance with subthalamic nucleus stimulation. In the non‐operated and subthalamic nucleus group, we identified periods of topographic EEG modulation by the level of proactive inhibition. In the subthalamic nucleus group, source estimation analysis suggested the initial involvement of bilateral frontal and occipital areas, followed by a right lateralized fronto‐basal network, and finally of right premotor and left parietal regions. Our results confirm the overall preservation of proactive inhibition capacities in both subthalamic nucleus and internal globus pallidus deep brain stimulation, and suggest a partly segregated network for proactive inhibition, with a preferential recruitment of the indirect pathway.
Highlights
Motor inhibitory control is a fundamental capacity involved in controlling behaviour, when external environmental stimuli prompt the suppression of ongoing actions
We found no behavioural effect of either subthalamic nucleus or internal globus pallidus deep brain stimulation on proactive inhibition, despite a general improvement of motor performance with subthalamic nucleus stimulation
We developed a task requiring the deployment of varying levels of proactive inhibitory control, and studied the behavioural and electrophysiological effects of the stimulation of subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus (GPi) in Parkinson's Disease patients previously operated for deep brain stimulation (DBS)
Summary
Motor inhibitory control is a fundamental capacity involved in controlling behaviour, when external environmental stimuli prompt the suppression of ongoing actions. Referred to as ‘proactive’ inhibition, the readiness to suppress motor action might for instance allow for an easier interruption of walking when the switch between a green to a red traffic light is preceded by a flashing phase. Current evidence indicate that proactive inhibitory control involves a brain network partly overlapping with reactive control, namely the pre-supplementary motor area, pre-SMA, and the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), as well as the subthalamic nucleus The pre-SMA and IFG first react to stopping stimuli, followed by an early recruitment of STN through the ‘hyperdirect’ pathway (Aron, Robbins, & Poldrack, 2014)
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