Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play roles in glucose and lipid metabolism regulation. Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 and +294T/C PPAR-δ have been associated with dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and high body mass index (BMI). We compared metabolic traits and determined associations with Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 or +294T/C PPAR-δ polymorphism among teenagers from different ethnicity. Four hundred and twelve samples with previous biochemical and biometric measurements were used. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was extracted and analyzed by end-point PCR for Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2. The +294T/C PPAR-δ PCR product was also digested with Bsl I. Two genotype groups were formed: major allele homozygous and minor allele carriers. Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 G minor allele frequencies were: 10% in Mestizo-1, 19% in Mestizo-2, 23% in Tarahumara, 12% in Mennonite, and 17% in the total studied population. The +294T/C PPAR-δ C minor allele frequencies were: 18% in Mestizo-1, 20% in Mestizo-2, 6% in Tarahumara, 13% in Mennonite, and 12% in the total studied population. Teenagers with PPAR-γ2 G allele showed a greater risk for either high waist/height ratio or low high-density lipoprotein; and, also had lower total cholesterol. Whereas, PPAR-γ2 G allele showed lower overweight/obesity phenotype (BMI Z-score) frequency, PPAR-δ C allele was a risk factor for it. Metabolic traits were associated with both PPAR polymorphisms.
Highlights
The worldwide prevalence of obesity in 2015 was 5% in children and 12% in adults [1]
We found a relation between the Pro12Ala Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)-γ2 G allele and lower glucose values
We only found an association between the Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2-minor allele and lower HDL values in the total studied population and the Mestizo-1 group
Summary
The worldwide prevalence of obesity in 2015 was 5% in children and 12% in adults [1]. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Heavy Burden of Obesity. 2018, close to 60% of the population from the 36 countries members of the OECD have overweight and nearly 25% have obesity. Obesity and related diseases will reduce life expectancy 0.9–4.2 years in the future and 92 million premature deaths are expected due to obesity-related diseases by 2050 [2]. In the US, the obesity rate has increased from 10.5 to 20.6% in 12–19 year-old teenagers between 1988. Genes 2020, 11, 776 and 2014 [3].
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