Pro-oxidative effects of spray drying orange oil in a bench top dryer

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe influence of potential heat exposure during spray drying on the oxidative stability of spray dried orange oil was studied. The design of some of the table top spray driers expose dried product to dryer exit air temperatures in the powder collection chamber or on the walls of the dryer if there is an accumulation of material on the drying chamber walls. This heat exposure may accelerate oxidation of the product in subsequent storage. To determine the potential for heat damage to affect oxidation of the powders produced, an orange oil infeed emulsion (carrier material - modified starch) was prepared and spray dried using the sample collection chamber supplied by the manufacturer as standard equipment. The spray dryer was then modified to extend the collection chamber inlet such that the product remained cooler than in the standard collection chamber. In this study, the spray dryer was operated for 1 h (inlet air temperature; 180°C and an exit air temperature; 100°C). Thus, the spray dry product could have been exposed to as much as 1 h of heating in the collection chamber (potentially at temperatures as high as the exit air temperature). In the case of spray drying with a collection chamber extension, the collected product was maintained at ca. room temperature. This would approximately mimic the heat exposure powders receive in an industrial spray dryer. Powders produced using both equipment designs were taken from both the collection and drying chambers, adjusted in water activity (0.33) under a nitrogen environment, and then put into storage in an incubator maintained at 35°C for 4 weeks (exposed to air). The ratio of limonene oxide to limonene was used to monitor oxidation using gas chromatography. This study showed a substantial increase in rate of oxidation of the spray dried powder from the table top spray dryer with the standard commercial collection chamber and much less in case of an extended collection chamber. The powder from the respective drying chamber also showed a higher rate of oxidation in comparison to its collection chamber. Thus, we urge researchers studying heat damage (e.g., oxidation) of powders produced on the table top dryers to be conscious of overestimating heat damage during drying.