Abstract
The aim of the study was to understand the internal relationship between milk quality and lipid metabolism in cow mammary glands. A serial of studies was conducted to assess the molecular mechanism of PRL/microRNA-183/IRS1 (Insulin receptor substrate) pathway, which regulates milk fat metabolism in dairy cows. microRNA-183 (miR-183) was overexpressed and inhibited in cow mammary epithelial cells (CMECs), and its function was detected. The function of miR-183 in inhibiting milk fat metabolism was clarified by triglycerides (TAG), cholesterol and marker genes. There is a CpG island in the 5′-flanking promoter area of miR-183, which may inhibit the expression of miR-183 after methylation. Our results showed that prolactin (PRL) inhibited the expression of miR-183 by methylating the 5′ terminal CpG island of miR-183. The upstream regulation of PRL on miR-183 was demonstrated, and construction of the lipid metabolism regulation network of microRNA-183 and target gene IRS1 was performed. These results reveal the molecular mechanism of PRL/miR-183/IRS1 pathway regulating milk fat metabolism in dairy cows, thus providing an experimental basis for the improvement of milk quality.
Highlights
Researchers have focused on improving the milk yield and quality of dairy cows for several decades
The results showed that miR-183 inhibited milk fat metabolism in mammary epithelial cells
This study showed the effect of miR-183 on the function of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells, which was explored through overexpression and inhibition
Summary
Researchers have focused on improving the milk yield and quality of dairy cows for several decades. Research focusing on topics from ruminant nutrition to physiological perspectives has been performed with modern molecular techniques, such as microarrays or RNA sequencing. The mammary gland has been extensively studied to illustrate the mechanism of milk synthesis and secretion [1]. Due to the genetic and functional similarities of prolactin (PRL), growth hormone and placental PRL, researchers believe that they evolved from the same progenitor gene [2]. PRL plays an indispensable role in lactation [3]; the regulatory genes or mechanism of PRL is still not clarified. The results showed that PRL downregulated the expression of microRNA-183
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